The history of the Rolex Explorer II stands as a remarkable display of watchmaking creativity and daring exploration. Introduced in 1971, this robust watch was crafted to cater to the specific needs of spelunkers and other adventurers venturing into environments where precise timekeeping and exceptional durability were paramount. Unlike its predecessor, the original Explorer, which was designed for mountaineering expeditions, the Explorer II was built to withstand the challenges of extended periods in dark and demanding conditions, particularly underground cave systems. This article will delve into the fascinating evolution of the Rolex Explorer II, exploring its key features, design iterations, and its enduring legacy in the world of professional timepieces.
The Genesis of a Cave Explorer's Companion (1971-1980s):
The initial Rolex Explorer II reference 1655, released in 1971, marked a significant departure from its predecessor. While the Explorer was a relatively understated, three-hand watch, the Explorer II introduced a crucial feature: the independently adjustable 24-hour hand. This innovative addition was a game-changer for cave explorers. Navigating complex cave systems often involves losing track of day and night, and the 24-hour hand allowed wearers to distinguish between AM and PM, even in complete darkness. This simple yet brilliant feature dramatically improved safety and orientation in subterranean environments.
The reference 1655 boasted a 39mm Oyster case, a size considered relatively substantial for the era. Its robust construction, featuring a screw-down crown and caseback, ensured water resistance, crucial for navigating potentially wet and muddy environments. The dial, typically in black, featured luminous hour markers and hands, ensuring readability in low-light conditions. The iconic orange 24-hour hand provided a stark contrast, making it easily distinguishable from the hour and minute hands. The bezel, a fixed bezel unlike the rotating bezels found on other Rolex models like the Submariner, featured 24-hour graduations, mirroring the function of the 24-hour hand. The movement powering the 1655 was the caliber 1575, a reliable automatic movement known for its robustness and accuracy.
The early 1655s are highly sought after by collectors today, representing the first generation of this iconic watch. Variations exist within this reference, including different dial variations and hand styles, adding to their collectible appeal. The "Frei" dials, named after the German importer, are particularly noteworthy due to their unique characteristics.
Refinement and Evolution (1980s – 2000s):
The next significant iteration of the Explorer II arrived in 1985 with reference 16550. This model retained the core functionality of its predecessor but incorporated several improvements. The most notable change was the switch to the caliber 3085 movement, a more modern and refined automatic movement offering enhanced precision and reliability. The 39mm Oyster case remained, but subtle refinements to the design enhanced its overall aesthetic appeal.
The reference 16570, introduced in 1989, marked a further evolution. While retaining the 39mm case size, this model featured a slightly updated design, with subtle changes to the dial and hands. The most significant change was the introduction of sapphire crystal, replacing the acrylic crystal of previous models, offering superior scratch resistance. This reference is highly regarded for its blend of classic design and improved functionality. The 16570 was produced in both white and black dial versions, adding to its appeal among collectors.
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